China Plans Dual Satellite System for Earth-Moon Communications
Chinese scientists want to merge Earth’s and the moon’s relay systems to make space communication safer.
China is working on the International Lunar Research Station (ILRS) project to set up a base near the moon’s south pole by the 2030s. They plan to use the Queqiao relay system in lunar orbit to help with communication between Earth and the moon.
A recent article in the Chinese Journal of Space Science explains that because the Earth rotates and the moon orbits, ground stations in China can only talk to the Queqiao satellites sometimes. Ground stations in other countries like Argentina can help with this problem but come with risks like political issues and safety concerns. "Once astronauts are stationed at international lunar research stations and lunar bases, this risk cannot be ignored."
Scientists from various Chinese research institutes suggest linking the Queqiao satellites with China’s Tianlian satellites in geosynchronous orbit. This will form a strong dual relay system. Tianlian satellites, which are essential for China’s space missions, can cover 75% of the Queqiao satellites’ needs. To get full coverage, they suggest adding more antennas and launching another Tianlian satellite.
We think these steps could greatly improve communication for space missions.
This new system would mean better communication between the ILRS and Earth, ensuring constant contact for deep space missions. But it would also limit the Tianlian satellites’ current uses. The idea highlights China’s desire to control its space communication without relying on other countries.
Interestingly, China has agreements with many countries for the ILRS but still prefers to manage communications domestically. Past incidents, like losing a ground station in Kiribati, probably influence this thinking.
China continues to expand its own network of ground stations. It also plans a Queqiao satellite group to help with lunar missions. Recently, China launched Tiandu-1 and Tiandu-2 along with Queqiao-2.
Their plans include three phases: first, putting satellites in special orbits around the moon; second, adding more satellites and spacecraft at strategic points between Earth and the moon; and third, adding satellites in distant orbits.
Upcoming ILRS missions include Chang’e-7 in 2026 and Chang’e-8 in 2028, aiming to explore the lunar south pole.
